Curcumin Rich Diet Lowers The Incidence Of Breast Cancer Essay

Curcumin Rich Diet Lowers The Incidence Of Breast Cancer - Essay Example Curcumin, (diferuloylmethane), the yellow pigment extracted from the rhizoma of Curcuma longa, has been expected to posses therapeutic or preventive value for several cancers because of its antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anticancerous effects (Maheshwari et al., 2006) Cancer incidence rate comparing the breast and prostate cancer incidence in US and India is presented in the Table 1. Date from GLOBOCAN 2000 is a unique software program which provides access to information on the incidence and prevalence of, and mortality from 26 major cancers for all the countries in the world in 2000. Thus, the cancer incidence, in people from US, is for people who don’t consume curcumin, whereas the cancer incidence, in people from India, is for people who consume curcumin.... 2. P (eat curcumin and don't get breast cancer) = P (eat curcumin) P (don't get breast cancer) = 1000000/2000000 999921/2000000 = 0.5 0.4999605 = 0.24998025. The number of people who eat curcumin and don't get breast cancer is P (don't eat curcumin and don't get breast cancer) total number of people = 0.24998025 2000000 = 499960.5 3. P (don't eat curcumin and get breast cancer) = P (don't eat curcumin) P (get breast cancer) = 1000000/2000000 660/2000000 = 0.5 0.00033 = 0.000165. The number of people who don't eat curcumin and get breast cancer is P (don't eat curcumin and get breast cancer) total number of people = 0.000165 2000000 = 330 4. P (don't eat curcumin and don't get breast cancer) = P (don't eat curcumin) P (don't get breast cancer) = 1000000/2000000 999340/2000000 = 0.5 0.49967 = 0.249835. The number of people who eat curcumin and don't get breast cancer is P(don't eat curcumin and don't get breast cancer) total number of people = 0.249835 2000000 = 499670 We place the values obtained in this table: (this is our null distribution) Breast cancer No Breast cancer Total Curcumin Yes (India) 39.5 499960.5 500000 No (USA) 330 499670 500000 Total 369.5 999630.5 1000000 Using the formula, where Oi is observed numbers or frequency and Ei is what we expect if there is no dependence between the 2 variables. we get, 2 = (79-39.5)2/39.5 + (999921-499960.5)2 / 499960.5 + (660-330)2 / 330 + (999340-499670)2 / 499670 = 1000000 The larger the value of 2 , the worse the fit To see whether this number is significant we calculate the p-value. p-value = P(2 > a specific value | model is correct) In this case, the specific value

Ancient Japan Reform Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Ancient Japan Reform - Essay Example However, the reforms had a far more reaching effect apart from strengthening the imperial family. They also created a good system. Although some people argue that these changes were ineffective, I think they rather led to the creation of a more efficient and refined system. As such, I will support this argument/stand from facts drawn from class reading and other sources. Ritsuryo is basically a historical system in japan founded on Chinese legalism and Confucianism philosophies (de Bary 22). RitsuryÃ… -sei is a term often used to refer to the system (political) in accordance to the Ritsuryo. Another significant term often used in this period or analysis is the kyaku, whuch refers to the Ritsuryo amendments whereas enactments were termed as shiki. Most of Japan’s reforms commenced during thhe Asuka period and extended into the nara period. The capital of japan was moved to Asuka in this period (538-710). Asuka was located on plains and it bordered nara. This period is mostly known and remembered for its vital social, political and artistic transformations. These transformations had their roots in the kofun era. The Yamato nation changed considerably during this era, adopting social and political systems from china. Their primary goal was to make the imperial family stronger and legitimate. Shotoku Taishi in 603 implemented a Confucian organization made up of 12 court ranks. Subsequently, he established the seventeen article constitution in 604, which explicitly highlighted the rights and duties of government ministers, people and the ruler. Taika reform preceded these transformations. The Taika reform took place between 645 to 649 and led to the creation of the Ritsuryo. The Ritsuryo was an organization and system comprised of fiscal, administrative and social institutions in japan commencing from the 7th to 10th century. During the Asuka era, Daoism and Buddhism were introduced into japan. Consequently, these religions eventually were syncretized with the